What I've been realising is that people seeking status, power and control, use all manner of means - so some like to display the beauty of the woman they are married to, in order to show off; so they individually and collectively, through fashion etc, push Western women into obsessing on body weight, presenting as glamorous etc etc... Muslim males, growing up in a different climate, which necessitated shielding against sandstorms and extreme heat, have gone in the other direction.

Meanwhile women too, use complex combinations of compliance and defiance, to survive and gain some sort of control while negotiating male-defined priorities.

So 'communities/ are really not all that different in underlying motivation and survival tactics.